Design Principles

Draft questions with neutral language and avoid leading or double barreled items. Use simple, concrete terms and ensure scales are consistent across instruments. Plan for accessibility and readability across diverse audiences.

Surveys vs Interviews vs Reports

Surveys offer breadth but risk low response rates. Interviews provide depth but require skilled moderators. Incident reports and HR records supply official data but may lag or be incomplete. Use a mix to triangulate findings.

Sampling and Representativeness

Aim for representative coverage of roles, departments, and shifts. If full inclusion is not possible, document sampling criteria, response rates, and potential biases. Note limitations in findings and conclusions.

Pilot Testing

Test instruments with a small group before wide deployment. Gather feedback on clarity and length, revise based on responses, and re test. Pilot reduces misinterpretation and measurement error.

Credibility and Triangulation

Cross check information across sources to improve credibility. When findings align across surveys, interviews, and documents, confidence increases. Record triangulation approach in the report.