Protected Classes and Harassment Definitions

Protected classes are categories protected by law from discrimination and harassment. In many jurisdictions, these include race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, and genetic information, among others. Some laws protect sexual orientation and gender identity. Harassment can be based on any protected characteristic or on other protected statuses under local law. Distinguishing protected targets helps guide investigations and policy development.

Harassment definitions vary, but common elements include unwelcome conduct that creates a hostile or intimidating environment, or that results in negative employment actions. Sexual harassment, racial harassment, and retaliation are common forms. A clear policy defines expectations and helps staff recognize unlawful behavior.

• Protected characteristics (EEOC definitions)
• Discrimination vs harassment
• Hostile environment vs. quid pro quo
• Retaliation protections